APS Aesthetic Plastic Surgery · 2025

Assessment of Awareness, Source of Information, Motivational Factors, and Barriers for Rhinoplasty Among Young Females in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study

Tawalbeh M, Al-Saraireh T, Al-Jafari M, Ibrahim RM, Eddin SZ, Hamasha S, Khreesha L, Al Rawashdeh B.

PubMed 39694907 Publisher (DOI)Free full text (PMC)

What this paper says

Surveying young Jordanian women, most cited functional problems as a motivation for rhinoplasty, while awareness of complications ranged from 89.2 percent for bruising down to 19 percent for allergy.

Overview

Rhinoplasty is described as the most common cosmetic surgery in both Jordan and the United States, attributed in Jordan to financial standing, cultural influences and trained surgeons. This cross sectional study surveyed Jordanian women aged 20 to 24 using a self administered online questionnaire designed by the authors and tested for internal reliability with Cronbach's alpha.

Sections of note

Design: cross sectional online survey of Jordanian women aged 20 to 24. Level of evidence V.
Across four respondent groups, 69, 68.4, 58 and 54.1 percent strongly believed functional abnormalities motivate surgery.
Self-confidence, beauty standards and new trends showed statistically significant differences between groups.
Awareness of postoperative issues: bruises and bleeding 89.2 percent, pain 73.2 percent, anesthesia complications 46.1 percent, inflammation 45 percent.
Further awareness: stress about the outcome 42.8 percent, numbness and runny nose 41.7 percent, breathing problems and airway obstruction 38.2 percent, smell disturbance 38.2 percent.
Lowest awareness: mismatch of the nose with other facial features 36 percent, remaining scar 30.4 percent, allergy 19 percent.
The abstract does not state the total number of respondents or how the four groups were defined.

What it means for a patient

Awareness was high for the visible short term effects, bruising and pain, and much lower for the outcomes that matter longest, such as breathing problems and a nose that does not suit the face.
Fewer than four in ten respondents were aware that rhinoplasty can cause lasting airway obstruction or affect the sense of smell.
Functional reasons were widely cited as motivating surgery, alongside appearance driven factors.
Limits: online self selected survey, one age group, one country, an author designed questionnaire, and no stated sample size in the abstract.

Why this paper matters

Informed consent depends on what people already believe before they reach a consultation, and this survey shows awareness concentrated on temporary effects rather than lasting ones. That gap is where preoperative counselling has the most work to do. The abstract's missing sample size limits how far the percentages can be trusted.

Terms

Cross-sectional study: a study measuring a group at one point in time.
Cronbach's alpha: a statistic measuring whether questionnaire items are internally consistent.
Airway obstruction: blocked breathing through the nose.
Olfactory disturbance: a change or loss in the sense of smell.
Motivational factor: a reason a person seeks a procedure.

Summary written by rhinoplasty.cc from the abstract, 2026-09-09; not medical advice. The authors' own abstract follows.

Abstract

Rhinoplasty, or nose job surgery (NJS), alters the nose's size, shape, or structure. It can fix congenital abnormalities, enhance breathing, or improve nose attractiveness. Due to Jordan's high financial standing, cultural influences, and trained surgeons, rhinoplasty is the most prevalent cosmetic surgery in the USA and Jordan. Although reasonably safe, it can cause bleeding, infection, respiratory problems, and dissatisfaction. This cross-sectional study included Jordanian 20-24-year-old girls who completed a self-administered online questionnaire. A questionnaire was created by all study authors and assessed for internal reliability using Cronbach's α test. The participants (69%, 68.4%, 58%, and 54.1%) of the four groups strongly believe that functional abnormalities motivate surgery. Self-confidence, beauty standards, and new trends showed statistically significant differences. Groups 1 and 3 mostly strongly agreed (37.9%, 34.8%), Group 2 mostly agreed (47.4%), and Group 4 was neutral primarily (28.2%). This study evaluated postoperative issues awareness with the following variables: bruises and bleeding (89.2%), pain (73.2%), anesthesia complications (46.1%), inflammation (45%), stress due to with the outcome (42.8%), numbness and runny nose (41.7%), respiratory disorder and airway obstruction (38.2%), olfactory disturbance (38.2%), mismatch of the final nose appearance with other facial components (36%), remaining scar (30.4%), and allergy (19%). Rhinoplasty is becoming more popular due to various influences and motivations. It is still a surgical procedure with risks and complications, so the public should know its indications and risks.Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Abstract as indexed by PubMed; the article is open access (PubMed Central).