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Complications and management

129 papers with rhinoplasty in the title matching this topic, 2011 to 2026.

129
Papers
40
Start here
100
Abstracts on file
29
Open access
10
Journals
2011
First year
2026
Latest year
100
Summaries written
APS41FPS21ASJ20FPSAM18PRS14PRS-GO6JAMA FPS4FPS Clin3CPS1Arch FPS1
22011520121201322014520159201632017820185201913202062021142022132023142024152025142026

What the literature says

Synthesised from the abstracts of the 40 papers listed under Start here. Every line carries the PubMed ID it rests on.

Two-sentence lead. Bleeding, bruising, swelling, infection and graft problems are the main surgical rhinoplasty complications; infection runs 0.62% to 0.84% in series of 2,630 and 3,084 cases and 19-fold higher in revisions, tranexamic acid, desmopressin, piezoelectric bone cutting, drains and antibiotic soaks each reduce a measured complication, while nasal packing and subperiosteal tunnels add little. Filler rhinoplasty carries a separate risk of arterial occlusion in about 0.27% of patients, with blindness, necrosis, and stroke reported, and every published necrosis case in one series followed a prior rhinoplasty.

Key points

  • Anesthesia and packing review, 43 studies (2000-2025): general anesthesia in 72%; complication rates not significantly different across modalities; nausea and vomiting 12% general vs 7% sedation vs 4% local; packing duration 24 to 72 hours; trend toward minimal or no packing without more bleeding [41249522]
  • Packing review, 30 of 62 articles (2000-2023): limited benefit for bleeding, edema, or ecchymosis; nasal splints give similar advantages [38485786]
  • Packing material matters: carboxymethylcellulose sponges and silicone splints can reduce synechiae by keeping mucosal surfaces apart; "the material, duration, and indication are critical determinants" [41249522]
  • Preoperative intranasal desmopressin, 4 RCTs (n=262): blood loss reduced 15.22 mL (95% CI -19.52 to -10.93; I2=0%); drier field; clinical significance unestablished [40456991]
  • Bleeding algorithm, 103 consecutive septorhinoplasties: 25.2% needed no agent; 25.2% TXA only; 2.91% DDAVP only; 0.97% vitamin K only; 44.7% TXA + DDAVP; sequence TXA 10 mg/kg IV, then DDAVP up to 0.3 µg, then vitamin K 10 mg; 0 postoperative epistaxis or thromboembolism [38589989]
  • Piezo vs conventional osteotomy, 8 RCTs (n=440): less short-term edema in 75% of trials (persisting in 50%); less ecchymosis in 87.5% (persisting in 75%); less pain and mucosal injury; longer surgery time and cost reported as disadvantages [36163553]
  • Autologous rib, 20 studies (n=1648): warping 3.05%, resorption 1.2%, infection 1.45%, contour irregularity 1.53%, revision 2.25%; hypertrophic chest scar 2.08%; pneumothorax 0%; overall complications 15.13%; donor site adds 22% to the complication rate [36071242]
  • Triamcinolone acetonide injections, 6 of 1604 articles (n=1524): reported safe as first-line for supratip edema and pollybeak; may reduce revision; dosing and interval data tabulated [38519572]
  • Filler rhinoplasty, 30 studies (n=9657): complications 39.11%, erythema and swelling 27.95%; arterial occlusion 0.27%; blindness, skin necrosis, and cerebral infarction reported [38862661]
  • HA filler complications in 80 articles: early — asymmetry, injection-site reaction, hypersensitivity; severe — vascular occlusion, ischemia, necrosis, blindness; also infection, Tyndall effect, nodules, granulomas, scarring, biofilm [39747417]
  • Filler after prior surgical rhinoplasty, 20 articles (n=2,048): increased skin necrosis risk observed [39230478]
  • HA filler review, 23 articles (n=3928): 8 major complications [37217605]
  • Prior facial fillers hypothesized to prolong post-rhinoplasty edema by blocking or compressing lymphatic drainage [39532285]
  • Ethnicity-tailored technique: complications 8.7% vs 17.4%, revisions 5.3% vs 12.1% for conventional [40906288]
  • Infection after 2,630 East Asian rhinoplasties over 16 years (one surgeon): 0.84% overall (22); revision 3.63% vs primary 0.19% (19-fold); women 3.6 times as likely (p=0.002); autologous costal cartilage 3.39%; simultaneous septal perforation repair 8.57%; MRSA in 8; tip 45%, caudal septum or columella 32%; surgical debridement in 90.9% [35511054]
  • Infection after 3,084 rhinoplasties (Toriumi, 2002-2019): 0.62% overall (19); 1.01% without antibiotic soaks or irrigation vs 0.08% with soaks (p=0.0053); soaks plus irrigation 0.49% [33798400]
  • Functional rhinoplasty, 259 patients: infection 4.6% (oral antibiotics or drainage), not different by graft source; revision 12.1% with fresh frozen cadaveric rib vs 4.0% autologous (OR 4.0, p=0.024) [40147429]
  • Serotonergic antidepressants before rhinoplasty, 4,917 matched pairs (TriNetX): 30-day readmission RR 1.793 (P=.01), opioid use RR 1.361, bleeding or hematoma RR 1.596 (P=.005); risks persisted to 90 days; revision at 1 year comparable; Level 3 [41672725]
  • Tranexamic acid meta-analysis, 5 RCTs (n=332, mean age 27): blood loss reduced 41.6 mL (95% CI -69.8 to -13.4; P=.004); edema and ecchymosis reduced in 3 studies but not different from corticosteroids; quality high [30605219]
  • Topical tranexamic acid vs systemic dexamethasone vs both vs control, 60 patients randomized triple-blind: both single agents cut edema and ecchymosis (P<.05) with no difference between them; combination added nothing [40343983]
  • Tranexamic acid (IV plus intraoperative injection) in 50 vs 50 primary rhinoplasties, photographic color analysis at day 7: no difference in any RGB or Lab* channel (p>0.05); no adverse events [34166107]
  • Subperiosteal drains along piezo osteotomy lines, 55 vs 55 patients: ecchymosis lower at day 3 (2.82 vs 4.29, p=0.002) and day 7 (0.76 vs 1.58, p=0.001); edema unchanged; both minimal by day 14 [41452163]
  • Transnasal 16-gauge cannula drain through the osteotomy for 24 hours, 36 vs 36 randomized: less edema and ecchymosis at days 1 and 7 (p<0.05), none at day 28; SCHNOS at day 28 equal (11.00 vs 13.86) [42310865]
  • Subperiosteal tunnels before lateral osteotomy, 34 patients randomized side to side (Level 1): ecchymosis difference -0.05 at day 2 and -0.22 at day 7, edema -0.21 and -0.29, none clinically significant [30589927]
  • Eyelid edema and ecchymosis, 113 patients: upper lid edema exceeded lower at every point (p<0.001); lower-lid ecchymosis peaked day 1, upper-lid day 3; piezo gave less lower-lid ecchymosis on every day (p<0.001) [40566666]
  • Autologous fat grafting during primary open rhinoplasty, 33 vs 29 patients, 3D imaging: 7.29 cm2 less ecchymosis early (P<0.001); edema 0.73 cc less early (P=0.68) and 1 cc less at 6 weeks (P=0.36) [30868159]
  • NSAID vs opioid after outpatient rhinoplasty, 70 randomized (Level II): ibuprofen noninferior on day 0 (2.54 vs 3.14, p=0.003) and better on day 1 (1.84 vs 2.46, p=0.01); no difference at day 7; 76% of opioid patients took fewer than 8 tablets; 5 escalated from NSAID to opioid [33370050]
  • Diced cartilage dorsal augmentation meta-analysis, 14 studies (n=2,380): overall complications 11.5%, revision 5.3%, infection 4.5%, visible irregularity 5.3%, overcorrection 0.7%, absorption 0.5%; wrapped, glued and free diced cartilage equal (p=0.23, p=0.71) [34357798]
  • Long-term resorption of autologous dorsal onlays (mastoid fascia, sacral dermis, diced cartilage in fascia) in East Asian noses: at least 50% resorption in almost all groups; rolled fascia resorbed most (p<0.001); Level III [35077410]
  • Porous high-density polyethylene in 116 rhinoplasties over 10 years: minor complications 3.4%; major (infection or extrusion) 5.2% at a mean of 36.9 months, all with grafts reaching the caudal nose; two-thirds needed surgery [35802490]
  • Costal cartilage warping needing revision, 32 patients: incompletely removed hump identified as an external cause of sagittal warping; embed-in graft corrected all [36656674]
  • X-shaped tip graft with circumferential split in 45 women (rib-based East Asian rhinoplasty): nasion-pronasale angle stable over time, offsetting warping [35748855]
  • Columellar necrosis (Toriumi): causes are infection, dissection, trauma and closure tension; prevention by advancing the columellar base and a Silastic healing chamber; 2 complications in 34 reconstructions; nanofat and hyperbaric oxygen used [42210784]
  • Septal perforation repair during rhinoplasty with the bone-cartilage unit, 31 patients (perforation 6-27 mm): complete closure 83.8%, incomplete 3, reperforation 2; SCHNOS-O -31.93, SCHNOS-C -44.19 [38648541]
  • Septal perforation repair with pedicled anterior ethmoidal and greater palatine artery flaps under a preserved dorsum, 2 cases aged 62 and 65 [41071182]
  • Consent forms vs literature, 117 articles (100 patients or more) and 24 consent forms: literature reports acne 18.3%, numbness 16.7%, hospital revisit 6.5%, revision 5.3%, dissatisfaction 5.0%; forms cover infection 100%, bleeding 95.8%, scarring 95.8%, but unsatisfactory result only 83.3% and revision only 75.0% [32053419]
  • Nonsurgical rhinoplasty systematic review, 23 studies (n=1,600): 26 minor complications and no vascular event reported; authors call this likely under-reporting [32590640]
  • Skin necrosis after hyaluronic acid filler, 7 cases over 2 years at one center: every patient had a cosmetic rhinoplasty more than 3 years earlier [29506052]

Techniques and terms named

general / local / sedation anesthesia [41249522], nasal packing [41249522], carboxymethylcellulose absorbable sponge [41249522], silicone splint [41249522], nasal splints [38485786], synechiae [41249522], tranexamic acid (TXA) [38589989], desmopressin (DDAVP) [40456991, 38589989], vitamin K [38589989], von Willebrand disease / factor 11 deficiency [38589989], piezoelectric osteotomy / piezosurgery [36163553], triamcinolone acetonide injection [38519572], supratip edema / pollybeak deformity [38519572], autologous costal cartilage [36071242], warping / resorption [36071242], hypertrophic chest scar / pneumothorax [36071242], hyaluronic acid / calcium hydroxyapatite filler [38862661], vascular occlusion / arterial occlusion [38862661], Tyndall effect / granuloma / biofilm [39747417], HA rheology [37783865], lymphatic drainage [39532285], antibiotic soaks and irrigation [33798400], infection risk factors (revision, female sex, costal cartilage, perforation repair) [35511054], MRSA [35511054], serotonergic antidepressant risk [41672725], tranexamic acid IV and topical [30605219, 40343983, 34166107], systemic dexamethasone [40343983], subperiosteal drain [41452163], transnasal cannula drain [42310865], subperiosteal tunnel [30589927], eyelid ecchymosis grading [40566666], fat grafting for ecchymosis [30868159], NSAID analgesia [33370050], diced cartilage complications [34357798], onlay resorption [35077410], porous high-density polyethylene extrusion [35802490], embed-in graft for warping [36656674], X-shaped tip graft [35748855], Silastic healing chamber [42210784], bone-cartilage unit perforation repair [38648541], anterior ethmoidal and greater palatine artery flaps [41071182], consent form gap analysis [32053419], filler under-reporting [32590640], post-rhinoplasty filler necrosis [29506052]

Numbers to remember

  • Desmopressin cuts blood loss 15.22 mL across 4 RCTs [40456991]
  • 44.7% of 103 cases needed both TXA and DDAVP; 0 epistaxis or thromboembolism [38589989]
  • Rib overall complications 15.13%; warping 3.05%; pneumothorax 0% (n=1648) [36071242]
  • Filler arterial occlusion 0.27% of 9657 [38862661]
  • PONV 12% general vs 7% sedation vs 4% local; packing 24 to 72 hours [41249522]
  • Piezo reduced ecchymosis in 87.5% of 8 RCTs (n=440) [36163553]
  • Infection 0.84% of 2,630 (revision 3.63% vs primary 0.19%); 0.62% of 3,084 (0.08% with antibiotic soaks) [35511054, 33798400]
  • Readmission RR 1.793 and bleeding RR 1.596 with serotonergic antidepressants, 4,917 pairs [41672725]
  • Tranexamic acid: blood loss -41.6 mL in 332 RCT patients; no photographic ecchymosis difference in 100 [30605219, 34166107]
  • Diced cartilage: complications 11.5%, revision 5.3%, infection 4.5% in 2,380 [34357798]
  • pHDPE major complications 5.2% at mean 36.9 months, all caudal grafts [35802490]
  • Revision 5.3% and dissatisfaction 5.0% in the literature; revision on 75% of consent forms [32053419]

Numbers

Measure Value Population / study PMID
Revision rate, literature pooled (100+ patient series) 5.3% primary-source; dissatisfaction 5.0% 117 articles, 2000-2017 [32053419]
Revision rate, functional rhinoplasty by graft source 12.1% cadaveric rib vs 4.0% autologous 259 patients [40147429]
Revision rate, diced cartilage dorsum 5.3% 14 studies, 2,380 patients [34357798]
Revision rate, autologous rib 2.25% 20 studies, 1,648 patients [36071242]
Revision at 1 year with vs without serotonergic antidepressants Comparable 4,917 matched pairs [41672725]
Infection, East Asian rhinoplasty 0.84%; revision 3.63% vs primary 0.19% 2,630 cases [35511054]
Infection with vs without antibiotic soaks 0.08% vs 1.01% (p=0.0053) 3,084 cases [33798400]
Infection, functional rhinoplasty 4.6% 259 patients [40147429]
Infection, autologous rib 1.45% 1,648 patients [36071242]
Infection, diced cartilage dorsum 4.5% 2,380 patients [34357798]
Major complications, porous polyethylene 5.2% (infection or extrusion) at 36.9 months 116 patients [35802490]
Overall complications, autologous rib 15.13% (donor site adds 22%) 1,648 patients [36071242]
Readmission and bleeding, serotonergic antidepressants RR 1.793; RR 1.596 4,917 pairs [41672725]
Blood loss with tranexamic acid -41.6 mL (95% CI -69.8 to -13.4) 4 RCTs, 271 patients [30605219]
Blood loss with desmopressin -15.22 mL 4 RCTs, 262 patients [40456991]
Ecchymosis day 3 with vs without subperiosteal drains 2.82 vs 4.29 110 patients [41452163]
Ecchymosis with subperiosteal tunnels No clinically significant difference 34 patients, split-side RCT [30589927]
Ecchymosis with tranexamic acid, photographic No difference (p>0.05) 100 patients [34166107]
Ecchymosis lower with piezo osteotomy In 87.5% of trials (persisting in 75%) 8 RCTs, 440 patients [36163553]
Long-term resorption, autologous dorsal onlays 50% or more East Asian cohort 2009-2018 [35077410]
Septal perforation closure during rhinoplasty 83.8% complete 31 patients [38648541]
Columellar necrosis reconstruction complications 2 of 34 34 cases [42210784]
Arterial occlusion, filler rhinoplasty 0.27% 30 studies, 9,657 patients [38862661]
Filler complications, systematic review 26 minor, 0 vascular (likely under-reported) 23 studies, 1,600 patients [32590640]
Postoperative nausea and vomiting by anesthesia 12% general vs 7% sedation vs 4% local 43 studies [41249522]
Pain day 1, NSAID vs opioid 1.84 vs 2.46 (p=0.01) 70 randomized [33370050]
SCHNOS day 28 with vs without cannula drain 11.00 vs 13.86, no difference 72 randomized [42310865]

What is still contested or missing

  • Nasal packing: limited benefit in one review [38485786] vs material-dependent synechiae prevention in another; no unified perioperative guidelines exist [41249522]
  • Desmopressin's statistical benefit has unestablished clinical significance [40456991]
  • Triamcinolone injection evidence is limited and awaits RCTs [38519572]
  • Filler-edema lymphatic mechanism is hypothesis only [39532285]; rheology unaccounted for in filler outcome data [37783865]; commentaries [38977451, 39466798] are title-only on file [39532285, 37783865, 38977451, 39466798]
  • Tranexamic acid: pooled RCTs show less blood loss and bruising, a 100-patient photographic study shows no bruising benefit, and a 60-patient trial shows parity with dexamethasone [30605219, 34166107, 40343983]
  • Drains reduce early bruising in two studies but subperiosteal tunnels do not, and neither changes outcomes at 4 weeks [41452163, 42310865, 30589927]
  • Antibiotic soaks: the 0.08% figure comes from one surgeon's retrospective series without randomization [33798400]
  • Serotonergic antidepressant risk is an association in claims data, not a trial [41672725]
  • Filler complication counts differ by an order of magnitude between reviews [32590640, 38862661]

Papers used

  • Barone M et al.. Anesthesia Modalities and Nasal Packing in Rhinoplasty: A Systematic Review of Complications, Postoperative Management, and Safety Guidelines. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2026. PMID 41249522. DOI 10.1007/s00266-025-05419-1
  • Hashemipour Y, Danesh HA. Ethnic Considerations in Rhinoplasty: A Meta-Analysis of Outcomes and Complications in Caucasian Versus Non-Caucasian Patients. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2026. PMID 40906288. DOI 10.1007/s00266-025-05189-w
  • Caranti A et al.. Complications of Nonsurgical Rhinoplasty with Hyaluronic Acid Injections: A Narrative Review. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2025. PMID 39747417. DOI 10.1007/s00266-024-04636-4
  • Mortada H. Invited Response on: The Use of Hyaluronic Acid in Non-surgical Rhinoplasty: A Systematic Review of Complications, Clinical, and Patient-Reported Outcomes. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2025. PMID 38977451. DOI 10.1007/s00266-024-04191-y
  • Gutierrez RWH et al.. Preoperative Desmopressin for Bleeding Reduction During Rhinoplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2025. PMID 40456991. DOI 10.1007/s00266-025-04916-7
  • Maamari SA et al.. Effect of Facial Fillers on Post-rhinoplasty edema: A Hypothesis Based on Literature Review. Facial Plast Surg 2025. PMID 39532285. DOI 10.1055/a-2466-1407
  • Correa T, Owen SR. Invited Commentary on: Santamaría-Gadea et al's "Non-Surgical Rhinoplasty After Rhinoplasty: A Systematic Review of the Technique, Results, and Complications". Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med 2025. PMID 39466798. DOI 10.1089/fpsam.2024.0267 (title only)
  • Santamaría-Gadea A et al.. Non-Surgical Rhinoplasty After Rhinoplasty: A Systematic Review of the Technique, Results, and Complications. Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med 2025. PMID 39230478. DOI 10.1089/fpsam.2024.0116
  • Guyuron B et al.. An Algorithm for Control of Excessive Perioperative Bleeding and Ecchymosis in Rhinoplasty Patients Based on 4 Decades of Experience. Plast Reconstr Surg 2025. PMID 38589989. DOI 10.1097/PRS.0000000000011462
  • Khan M et al.. Efficacy and Safety of Triamcinolone Acetonide Injections Following Rhinoplasty: A Systematic Review of Recommended Doses, Complications, and Outcomes. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024. PMID 38519572. DOI 10.1007/s00266-024-03967-6
  • Song D et al.. Nonsurgical Rhinoplasty: An Updated Systematic Review of Technique, Outcomes, Complications, and Its Treatments. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024. PMID 38862661. DOI 10.1007/s00266-024-04161-4
  • Caimi E et al.. Optimizing Postoperative Care in Rhinoplasty and Septoplasty: A Review of the Role of Nasal Packing and Alternatives in Complication Management. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024. PMID 38485786. DOI 10.1007/s00266-024-03907-4
  • Mataro I et al.. The Use of Hyaluronic Acid in Non-surgical Rhinoplasty: A Systematic Review of Complications, Clinical, and Patient-Reported Outcomes. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024. PMID 37783865. DOI 10.1007/s00266-023-03702-7
  • Mortada H et al.. The Use of Hyaluronic Acid in Non-surgical Rhinoplasty: A Systematic Review of Complications, Clinical, and Patient-Reported Outcomes. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024. PMID 37217605. DOI 10.1007/s00266-023-03386-z
  • Kisel J et al.. A Comparison Between Piezosurgery and Conventional Osteotomies in Rhinoplasty on Post-Operative Oedema and Ecchymosis: A Systematic Review. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2023. PMID 36163553. DOI 10.1007/s00266-022-03100-5
  • Chen H et al.. Complications Associated with Autologous Costal Cartilage Used in Rhinoplasty: An Updated Meta-Analysis. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2023. PMID 36071242. DOI 10.1007/s00266-022-03075-3
  • Tran KN, Jang YJ. Incidence and Predisposing Factors of Postoperative Infection after Rhinoplasty: A Single Surgeon's 16-Year Experience with 2630 Cases in an East Asian Population. Plast Reconstr Surg 2022. PMID 35511054. DOI 10.1097/PRS.0000000000009202
  • Toriumi DM et al.. Evaluation of Postoperative Infection Rates in 3084 Rhinoplasty Cases Using Antibiotic Soaks and/or Irrigations. Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med 2021. PMID 33798400. DOI 10.1089/fpsam.2020.0465
  • Upton MK et al.. Complications in Functional Rhinoplasty Related to Cartilage Graft Source. Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med 2025. PMID 40147429. DOI 10.1089/fpsam.2024.0277
  • Zontag N et al.. Preoperative Serotonin Antidepressants Are Associated With Increased Postoperative Complications Following Rhinoplasty: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis. Aesthet Surg J 2026. PMID 41672725. DOI 10.1093/asj/sjag043
  • McGuire C et al.. Role of Tranexamic Acid in Reducing Intraoperative Blood Loss and Postoperative Edema and Ecchymosis in Primary Elective Rhinoplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Facial Plast Surg 2019. PMID 30605219. DOI 10.1001/jamafacial.2018.1737
  • Vural O, Koycu A. Topical Tranexamic Acid and Systemic Dexamethasone for Post-rhinoplasty Edema and Ecchymosis: First Direct Comparison. Aesthet Surg J 2025. PMID 40343983. DOI 10.1093/asj/sjaf073
  • Cristel RT et al.. Quantitative Analysis of Tranexamic Acid Effects on Ecchymosis in Rhinoplasty. Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med 2022. PMID 34166107. DOI 10.1089/fpsam.2021.0032
  • Uzunoğlu E et al.. The Effect of Subperiosteal Drain Placement on Periorbital Edema and Ecchymosis Following Ultrasonic Piezoelectric-Assisted Rhinoplasty: A Prospective Comparative Study. Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med 2026. PMID 41452163. DOI 10.1177/26893614251393192
  • Demirel E et al.. The Effect of Drainage Cannula Use on Postoperative Periorbital Edema and Ecchymosis After Primary Rhinoplasty. Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med 2026. PMID 42310865. DOI 10.1177/26893614261458118
  • Chan DS et al.. Postoperative Ecchymosis and Edema After Creation of Subperiosteal Tunnels in Rhinoplasty: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Facial Plast Surg 2019. PMID 30589927. DOI 10.1001/jamafacial.2018.1716
  • Vural O, Koycu A. Comparison of Upper and Lower Eyelid Edema and Ecchymosis Following Rhinoplasty: A Study of Osteotome Versus Piezoelectric Techniques. Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med 2026. PMID 40566666. DOI 10.1089/fpsam.2025.0031
  • Gabrick K et al.. The Effect of Autologous Fat Grafting on Edema and Ecchymoses in Primary Open Rhinoplasty. Aesthet Surg J 2020. PMID 30868159. DOI 10.1093/asj/sjz075
  • Frants A et al.. Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing Opioids versus Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs for Postoperative Analgesia in Outpatient Rhinoplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg 2021. PMID 33370050. DOI 10.1097/PRS.0000000000007427
  • Li J et al.. Long-Term Complications from Diced Cartilage in Rhinoplasty: A Meta-Analysis. Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med 2022. PMID 34357798. DOI 10.1089/fpsam.2021.0002
  • Lee TY et al.. Long-Term Resorption Rate of Autogenous Onlay Graft in East Asian Rhinoplasty: A Retrospective Study. Plast Reconstr Surg 2022. PMID 35077410. DOI 10.1097/PRS.0000000000008793
  • Davis SJ et al.. Complications Associated with Use of Porous High-Density Polyethylene in Rhinoplasty. Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med 2022. PMID 35802490. DOI 10.1089/fpsam.2021.0090
  • Xu Y et al.. Analysis of the Cause of Cartilage Warping in the Rhinoplasty of Costal Cartilage and Application of Embed-In Graft in Revisional Surgery. Aesthet Surg J 2023. PMID 36656674. DOI 10.1093/asj/sjad011
  • Wu L et al.. X-shaped Tip Graft: A Versatile Solution for Warping Correction in Rib Cartilage-Based Rhinoplasty. Aesthet Surg J 2023. PMID 35748855. DOI 10.1093/asj/sjac170
  • Toriumi DM. Prevention and Management of Columellar Necrosis in Rhinoplasty. Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med 2026. PMID 42210784. DOI 10.1177/26893614251390879
  • Sazgar AA et al.. Simultaneous Rhinoplasty and Septal Perforation Repair Using the Bone-Cartilaginous Unit. Aesthet Surg J 2024. PMID 38648541. DOI 10.1093/asj/sjae098
  • Mariño-Sanchez F et al.. "Pedicled Flaps for Nasal Septal Perforation and Graft Framework: Enhancing Outcomes in Preservation and Structural Rhinoplasty". Plast Reconstr Surg 2025. PMID 41071182. DOI 10.1097/PRS.0000000000012511
  • Heilbronn C et al.. Complications in Rhinoplasty: A Literature Review and Comparison with a Survey of Consent Forms. Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med 2020. PMID 32053419. DOI 10.1089/fpsam.2019.29007.won
  • Williams LC et al.. Nonsurgical Rhinoplasty: A Systematic Review of Technique, Outcomes, and Complications. Plast Reconstr Surg 2020. PMID 32590640. DOI 10.1097/PRS.0000000000006892
  • Robati RM et al.. The Risk of Skin Necrosis Following Hyaluronic Acid Filler Injection in Patients With a History of Cosmetic Rhinoplasty. Aesthet Surg J 2018. PMID 29506052. DOI 10.1093/asj/sjy005

Written by rhinoplasty.cc, 2026-09-08, from the PubMed abstracts; not medical advice.

Start here

The 40 papers the synthesis above was written from.

  1. APS
    2026PMID 41249522Summary
  2. APS
    2026PMID 40906288Summary
  3. APS
    2025PMID 39747417Summary
  4. APS
    2025PMID 38977451Summary
  5. APS
    2025PMID 40456991Summary
  6. FPS
    2025PMID 39532285Summary
  7. FPSAM
    2025PMID 39466798
  8. FPSAM
    2025PMID 39230478Summary
  9. PRS
    2025PMID 38589989Summary
  10. APS
    2024PMID 38519572Summary
  11. APS
    2024PMID 38862661Summary
  12. APS
    2024PMID 38485786Summary
  13. APS
    2024PMID 37783865Summary
  14. APS
    2024PMID 37217605Summary
  15. APS
    2023PMID 36163553Summary
  16. APS
    2023PMID 36071242Summary
  17. PRS
    2022PMID 35511054Summary
  18. FPSAM
    2021PMID 33798400Summary
  19. FPSAM
    2025PMID 40147429Summary
  20. ASJ
    2026PMID 41672725Summary
  21. JAMA FPS
    2019PMID 30605219Summary
  22. ASJ
    2025PMID 40343983Summary
  23. FPSAM
    2022PMID 34166107Summary
  24. FPSAM
    2026PMID 41452163Summary
  25. FPSAM
    2026PMID 42310865Summary
  26. JAMA FPS
    2019PMID 30589927Summary
  27. FPSAM
    2026PMID 40566666Summary
  28. ASJ
    2020PMID 30868159Summary
  29. PRS
    2021PMID 33370050Summary
  30. FPSAM
    2022PMID 34357798Summary
  31. PRS
    2022PMID 35077410Summary
  32. FPSAM
    2022PMID 35802490Summary
  33. ASJ
    2023PMID 36656674Summary
  34. ASJ
    2023PMID 35748855Summary
  35. FPSAM
    2026PMID 42210784Summary
  36. ASJ
    2024PMID 38648541Summary
  37. PRS
    2025PMID 41071182Summary
  38. FPSAM
    2020PMID 32053419Summary
  39. PRS
    2020PMID 32590640Summary
  40. ASJ
    2018PMID 29506052Summary

Related topics

20

Rib, ear and septal grafts

20 of the 129 papers here also match this topic.

Open topic
20

Anatomy and nasal analysis

20 of the 129 papers here also match this topic.

Open topic
17

Non-surgical and filler rhinoplasty

17 of the 129 papers here also match this topic.

Open topic
14

Outcomes, satisfaction and psychology

14 of the 129 papers here also match this topic.

Open topic

Every paper, by year

129 papers. The 40 Start here papers are not repeated.

202614 papers · 7 above
  1. APS
    PMID 41028612Summary
  2. APS
    PMID 41928003Summary
  3. APS
    Revision Rhinoplasty in Retrocolumellar Perforation
    Göde S, Aliyeva A, Apaydın MB et al.
    PMID 42082664Summary
  4. FPSAM
    PMID 42493871
  5. FPSAM
    PMID 41452185
  6. FPSAM
    PMID 42605008
  7. FPS Clin
    PMID 42091332Summary
202515 papers · 10 above
  1. APS
    PMID 39979672
  2. APS
    PMID 39904804Summary
  3. FPS
    PMID 41412200Summary
  4. FPSAM
    PMID 39056118
  5. PRS
    PMID 39700254
202414 papers · 6 above
  1. APS
    PMID 37452132Summary
  2. APS
    PMID 37798488
  3. FPS
    PMID 37709291Summary
  4. FPS
    PMID 38016664Summary
  5. FPS
    PMID 38267000Summary
  6. FPS Clin
    PMID 39341679Summary
  7. PRS-GO
    PMID 39036598Summary
  8. PRS-GO
    PMID 39247575Summary
202313 papers · 4 above
  1. ASJ
    PMID 36793242
  2. ASJ
    PMID 36004498
  3. APS
    PMID 37286843Full text
  4. APS
    PMID 36307563Summary
  5. APS
    PMID 36414724Summary
  6. FPS
    PMID 36918148Summary
  7. FPS
    PMID 37604185Summary
  8. PRS-GO
    PMID 37744773Summary
  9. PRS-GO
    PMID 37448765Summary
202214 papers · 5 above
  1. APS
    PMID 34590168Summary
  2. APS
    PMID 35412066
  3. APS
    PMID 35059814Summary
  4. APS
    PMID 35657393Summary
  5. CPS
    PMID 34782135Summary
  6. FPS
    PMID 34428809
  7. FPS
    PMID 34161991Summary
  8. FPSAM
    PMID 35856822
  9. PRS
    PMID 35960925
20216 papers · 2 above
  1. ASJ
    PMID 31605604
  2. APS
    PMID 34085104Summary
  3. FPS
    PMID 33715148Summary
  4. FPS
    PMID 34082455Summary
202013 papers · 3 above
  1. ASJ
    PMID 31886850
  2. APS
    PMID 31797043Summary
  3. APS
    PMID 32410200Summary
  4. APS
    PMID 32383002Summary
  5. APS
    PMID 32514638
  6. FPS
    PMID 33368076Summary
  7. FPS
    PMID 33368077Summary
  8. FPS
    PMID 32191963Summary
  9. FPSAM
    PMID 32212970
  10. PRS
    PMID 33235006
20195 papers · 2 above
  1. ASJ
    PMID 29340617
  2. APS
    PMID 30288563Summary
  3. PRS-GO
    PMID 30881829Summary
20188 papers · 1 above
  1. ASJ
    PMID 29788065
  2. ASJ
    PMID 29490020Full text
  3. ASJ
    PMID 30265278
  4. APS
    PMID 29184977
  5. APS
    PMID 28980055Summary
  6. FPS
    PMID 29631292
  7. FPS
    PMID 29409099Summary
20173 papers
  1. ASJ
    PMID 29025221
  2. ASJ
    PMID 28472446Summary
  3. APS
    PMID 28130558Summary
20169 papers
  1. ASJ
    PMID 26773090Summary
  2. APS
    PMID 27225876Summary
  3. APS
    PMID 26684836Summary
  4. JAMA FPS
    PMID 27491048Summary
  5. PRS
    PMID 27119921
  6. PRS
    PMID 27119920Summary
  7. PRS
    PMID 27879585Summary
  8. PRS
    PMID 26910697Summary
  9. PRS-GO
    PMID 27200245Summary
20155 papers
  1. ASJ
    PMID 26229125Summary
  2. APS
    PMID 26392372Summary
  3. FPS
    A Rare Late Complication of Rhinoplasty: Dorsal Nasal Cyst
    Aydoğdu İO, Öztürk N, Aksakal İA et al.
    PMID 26579868
  4. FPS
    PMID 26126227Summary
  5. JAMA FPS
    PMID 25429595Summary
20142 papers
  1. APS
    PMID 24879040Summary
  2. APS
    PMID 24196012Summary
20131 papers
  1. FPS Clin
    Complications of rhinoplasty
    Surowitz JB, Most SP
    PMID 24200382Summary
20125 papers
  1. APS
    PMID 22179851Summary
  2. Arch FPS
    PMID 22928175Summary
  3. FPS
    PMID 22723232Summary
  4. FPS
    PMID 22723233Summary
  5. FPS
    PMID 22723231Summary
20112 papers
  1. ASJ
    PMID 21813878Summary
  2. PRS
    PMID 22030516Summary