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Rib, ear and septal grafts

242 papers with rhinoplasty in the title matching this topic, 2011 to 2026.

242
Papers
39
Start here
162
Abstracts on file
58
Open access
10
Journals
2011
First year
2026
Latest year
162
Summaries written
APS66PRS63ASJ31FPS21JAMA FPS20FPSAM17PRS-GO17Arch FPS4CPS2FPS Clin1
5201182012820137201412201513201618201711201882019162020212021232022272023182024182025292026

What the literature says

Synthesised from the abstracts of the 39 papers listed under Start here. Every line carries the PubMed ID it rests on.

Two-sentence lead. Rib cartilage is the main graft when septal cartilage has run out; pooled studies put warping at about 3-5%, infection at 0.5-2.5%, chest-scar problems at 2-5%, and pneumothorax at or near 0%, and fresh-frozen cadaver rib matches those figures in series of 123 to 282 patients (infection 2.1% to 2.7%, warping 0) though one functional cohort tied it to more revisions (12.1% vs 4.0%). Diced cartilage, cadaver rib, ear composite grafts and fat each remove donor-site cost but bring their own resorption, irregularity, or reinjection rates, and the septal extension graft now outperforms the columellar strut for tip stability.

Key points

  • Autologous rib meta-analysis, 20 studies (n=1648, 1990-2020): warping 3.05%, resorption 1.2%, infection 1.45%, contour irregularity 1.53%, revision 2.25%; hypertrophic chest scar 2.08%; pneumothorax 0%; overall complications 15.13% [36071242]
  • Donor-site complications raise the overall complication rate of rib rhinoplasty by 22% [36071242]
  • Earlier rib meta-analysis, 10 studies (n=491, mean follow-up 33.3 months): warping 3.08%, resorption 0.22%, infection 0.56%, displacement 0.39%, hypertrophic chest scar 5.45%, pneumothorax 0%, revision 14.07% [25429595]
  • Rib systematic review, 21 studies (1980-2014): donor site pneumothorax 0.1%, pleural tear 0.6%, infection 0.6%, seroma 0.6%, scar problems 2.9%, severe pain 0.2%; recipient site warping 5.2%, infection 2.5%, displacement/extrusion 0.6%, fracture 0.2%, resorption 0.9% [26229125]
  • Cadaveric vs autologous rib, 7 studies (n=1,184): infection comparable (RR 0.701); irradiated grafts drove resorption risk (RR 4.595 [1.279-16.503]); fresh-frozen (RR 1.588) and alcohol-preserved (RR 1.479) not different; alcohol-preserved cut warping (RR 0.106); operative time -66.56 min with homologous graft [42681592]
  • Diced cartilage dorsal augmentation, 14 studies (n=2380): overall complications 11.5%, revision 5.3%, infection 4.5%, visible irregularity 5.3%, overcorrection 0.7%, absorption 0.5%; no difference among wrapped, glued, and free diced cartilage [34357798]
  • Free diced cartilage, 6 studies (n=4,044): reoperation 61 (1.51%), mainly overcorrection and dorsal irregularity; infection 2 of 3,252 (0.06%); partial resorption 22 of 3,288 (0.67%) [32886948]
  • Autologous fat injection, 11 studies (n=849): satisfaction 63 to 100% (approximately 81.2%); fat retention <50% at 6 months, 44.54% (range 21-74%) at 3 months, 50.5% ± 7.0% at 6 months; at least 18.61% had repeat injection; reinjection at 1 year at least 19.27% [39751904]
  • Septal extension graft vs columellar strut, 8 studies (256 CSG, 371 SEG): long-term nasolabial angle favored SEG (p<0.05); Goode's ratio improved after SEG but not CSG [40854551]
  • Spreader graft vs spreader flap, 10 articles (n=567, mean age 27.7): no difference in dorsal aesthetic lines, internal valve angle, NOSE, or rhinomanometry; satisfaction favored spreader graft [34864854]
  • Spreader graft vs autospreader flap, 52 of 1129 studies reviewed; pooled NOSE change -23.9 (95% CI -26.7 to -21.1) across 17 studies, I2=99%; no difference autospreader vs spreader graft (p=0.9948) or either vs no graft [35031825]
  • Alar base depression, 6 articles (n=165): diced cartilage more malleable with lighter contours; mass cartilage may have lower long-term resorption and displacement [38609657]
  • Spreader grafts classified as traditional, modified, splinting, and reconstructive; spreader flaps designed by their relationship to septum and grafts [28033640]
  • Extended alar contour graft merges the lateral crural strut graft with the alar contour (rim) graft to stop tip isolation by extended alar grooves [28953723]
  • Fresh-frozen costal cartilage (Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation), 282 rhinoplasties (242 revisions), mean follow-up 20.3 months: empiric antibiotics 2.1% (6), operative revision unrelated to the graft 2.1% (6), no clinical warping, resorption or displacement [37815290]
  • Fresh frozen homologous costal cartilage, 123 primary, revision and functional cases, mean follow-up 11 months: infection 2.4%, resorption 0.8%; NOSE improved 7.9, SNOT-22 18.9, SCHNOS total 13.5 (P<0.001) [40674713]
  • Functional rhinoplasty, 259 patients (58 with fresh frozen cadaveric rib), mean follow-up 12.3 months: revision 12.1% with cadaveric rib vs 4.0% with autologous cartilage (OR 4.0, p=0.024); infection 4.6% overall, not different by source [40147429]
  • Autologous vs irradiated homologous costal cartilage, 143 septorhinoplasties: revision 14.8% vs 14.6% (p=0.98), infection 4.9% vs 3.7% (p=0.71); shorter operating time with irradiated graft (p<0.01); follow-up 26.5 vs 16 months [38502836]
  • Allograft processing: 41 AATB-certified providers use 12 proprietary protocols; gamma irradiation 1.0-5.0 Mrad in 63.6%, peroxide detergents 36.4%, alcohol detergents 36.4%, antibiotic solutions 45.4%; surveyed surgeons favor fresh-frozen but 74.6% use only autologous rib [42464436]
  • Rib graft in primary rhinoplasty (Rohrich, 638 consecutive): 30 patients (4.7%) needed fresh frozen allograft rib, all with a septal extension graft; 23.3% had nasal trauma; Asian 23.3%, Hispanic 23.3%, African American 30%, Middle Eastern 13.3%, White 6.7% [37307054]
  • Septal extension graft vs columellar strut in 77 primary open rhinoplasties at 1 year: projection loss 0.2% vs 4.7% (P<0.0001), rotation loss 1.3 vs 4.9 degrees (P<0.0001); strut carried a 5.1-fold risk of over 4% projection loss and 2.8-fold risk of 5 degrees or more rotation loss; Level III [36728586]
  • Combined septal extension-columellar strut graft, 32 primaries, mean follow-up 13.4 months: NOSE 34.4 to 4.84 (p<0.001), reviewer aesthetic score 11.96 to 1.83, no revisions [39187271]
  • Septal extension graft complex (septal cartilage, ethmoid plate as spreaders, double-layer auricular strut) in 25 short-nose East Asians, mean 25.9 months: nasal length 41.4 to 46.2 mm, projection 21.3 to 24.4 mm, nasolabial angle 117.6 to 109.5 degrees; tip resistance rose at 1-3 mm displacement [35786707]
  • X-shaped tip graft with circumferential split in 45 women (rib-based East Asian rhinoplasty): nasion-pronasale angle unchanged over time; projection, length and nasolabial angle improved and held between short- and long-term follow-up [35748855]
  • Costal cartilage warping needing revision, 32 patients: an incompletely removed hump was identified as an external cause of sagittal warping; embed-in graft corrected all cases [36656674]
  • Auricular composite grafts, 234 rhinoplasties and 367 grafts (2002-2019, Toriumi; 68.4% secondary): full take 93.7%, partial or total failure 6.3%; NOSE 24.08 to 21.84 (p=0.63) [36657035]
  • Auricular composite grafts from the antihelix for alar nostril ring stenosis, 45 patients with a mean of 2 prior rhinoplasties: no graft failure including 10 with prior skin necrosis; SCHNOS-O 88.44 to 35.44 and SCHNOS-C 88.30 to 35.85 at 1 year (P<0.05) [39676167]
  • Auricular composite graft for lining plus rib septal extension in 43 contracted Asian noses: engraftment over 80% in 27.9%, 50-80% in 67.4%, 20-50% in 4.6%; 2 infections managed with irrigation; dorsum length +4.46 mm, projection +4.06 mm, columellar-labial angle +22.75 degrees at 3 months, no relapse at 1 year [38739901]
  • Closed Asian rhinoplasty using only auricular cartilage (strut, septal extension, tip grafts, diced conchal dorsum), 63 patients aged 18-45: all indices improved at 12 months; nasal volume +2.9 mL, stable between 6 and 12 months; Level 4 [41411306]
  • Triangular fossa cartilage harvested through the same postauricular incision as the concha, 14 patients (15 ears), 3D imaging: no change in ear height, width or conchal cavity; mild triangular fossa reduction without visible deformity [41335126]
  • Dual-plane diced rib cartilage (sub-SMAS and subperiosteal, rectus fascia wrap) for dorsum and radix in 54 ethnic primaries, mean 17.3 months: 50 of 54 rated very satisfactory or outstanding by blinded surgeons; 0 resorption, infection or skin problems [40493956]
  • Mastoid fascia tissue graft for tip camouflage, 193 of 2,003 open rhinoplasties, mean follow-up 14.8 months: extended antibiotics 3.1% (0.9% primary, 6.3% secondary); revision 3.1% (0.9% primary, 6.3% secondary) [39026388]
  • Prophylactic autospreader flaps in cosmetic primaries: keystone width fell (p<0.0001) and stayed down at 1 year; ULC and LLC width swelled at 1 and 6 months and normalized by 1 year; net 1 mm widening not significant; NOSE and VAS returned to preoperative by 1 year [42415377]
  • External strip and internal spreader grafts within dorsal preservation, 152 hump patients (52 grafted), 16-26 months: ROE 56.5 to 92.5, excellent in 90% [40327831]
  • Randomized trial, 84 patients: hump resection with spreader flaps vs dorsal preservation with modified subdorsal strip showed no difference in residual hump, width, projection, rotation, VAS or SCHNOS at 1 year [38366551]
  • Lateral crural strut graft for post-implant tip deformity in 37 Asian secondary cases at 12 months or more: ROE 30.41 to 75.90 (P<0.001); 2 asymmetric nostril/tip, 1 visible graft [40920505]
  • Primary septal cartilage rim graft in unilateral cleft, 60 patients at 10 years (23 grafted): higher medial nostril height (P=0.031) and a smaller, shorter septal deviation (P<0.001); nasolabial angle and projection ratio unchanged [41100821]
  • African American rhinoplasty with cadaveric structural grafts, 392 AI-morphed vs 392 unmorphed: complications 2% vs 3%, revisions 8% vs 19%, aesthetic gain 3.2 vs 2.0, anxiety -8.4 vs -5.2, depression -7.8 vs -1.3 [42153758]

Techniques and terms named

autologous costal cartilage [36071242], homologous / cadaveric costal cartilage [42681592], fresh-frozen graft [42681592], irradiated graft [42681592], alcohol-preserved graft [42681592], diced cartilage — wrapped, glued, free [34357798], free diced cartilage [32886948], autologous fat injection / lipofilling [39751904], septal extension graft [40854551], columellar strut graft [40854551], anatomic columellar strut [31675056], spreader graft [34864854], spreader flap / autospreader flap [35031825], mucoperichondrial spreader flap [33492387], traditional / modified / splinting / reconstructive spreader grafts [28033640], lateral crural strut graft [28953723], alar contour graft / rim graft [28953723], alar strut graft [28953723], subdomal graft [28953723], alar flaring suture [28953723], extended alar contour graft [28953723], mass cartilage [38609657], Goode's ratio [40854551], nasolabial angle [40854551], NOSE [35031825], fresh-frozen costal cartilage (FFCC, Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation) [37815290], fresh frozen homologous costal cartilage (FFHCC) [40674713], fresh frozen cadaveric rib in functional rhinoplasty [40147429], irradiated homologous costal cartilage (IHCC) [38502836], allograft processing (gamma irradiation, peroxide, alcohol, antibiotic soak) [42464436], septal extension graft vs columellar strut [36728586], combined septal extension-columellar strut graft [39187271], septal extension graft complex with ethmoid plate spreaders [35786707], X-shaped tip graft [35748855], embed-in graft [36656674], auricular composite graft (ACG) [36657035, 39676167, 38739901], auricular-only closed rhinoplasty [41411306], triangular fossa cartilage harvest [41335126], dual-plane diced cartilage [40493956], mastoid fascia tissue graft (MFTG) [39026388], prophylactic autospreader flap [42415377], external strip and internal spreader graft [40327831], modified subdorsal strip [38366551], lateral crural strut graft [40920505], primary septal rim graft in cleft [41100821], Deep Surface AI morphing [42153758]

Numbers to remember

  • Rib warping: 3.05% [36071242], 3.08% [25429595], 5.2% [26229125]
  • Rib revision: 2.25% [36071242] vs 14.07% [25429595]
  • Pneumothorax: 0% [36071242, 25429595], 0.1% [26229125]
  • Irradiated cadaver rib resorption RR 4.595; alcohol-preserved warping RR 0.106 [42681592]
  • Free diced cartilage reoperation 1.51% of 4,044 patients [32886948]
  • Fat retention below 50% at 6 months; reinjection at least 19.27% at 1 year [39751904]
  • Fresh-frozen rib: infection 2.1% of 282 (mean 20.3 months) and 2.4% of 123; 0 warping in both [37815290, 40674713]
  • Revision 12.1% cadaveric rib vs 4.0% autologous in 259 functional cases (OR 4.0) [40147429]
  • Revision 14.8% autologous vs 14.6% irradiated homologous rib, n=143 [38502836]
  • Projection loss 0.2% septal extension vs 4.7% columellar strut at 1 year [36728586]
  • Auricular composite graft take 93.7% of 367 grafts [36657035]
  • 4.7% of 638 primaries needed rib; 74.6% of surveyed surgeons use autologous rib only [37307054, 42464436]

Numbers

Measure Value Population / study PMID
Revision rate, autologous rib 2.25% 20 studies, 1,648 patients, meta-analysis [36071242]
Revision rate, autologous rib (earlier pool) 14.07% 10 studies, 491 patients, mean 33.3 months [25429595]
Revision rate, autologous vs irradiated homologous rib 14.8% vs 14.6% (p=0.98) 143 septorhinoplasties [38502836]
Revision rate, cadaveric vs autologous rib in functional rhinoplasty 12.1% vs 4.0% (OR 4.0, p=0.024) 259 patients, mean 12.3 months [40147429]
Revision rate, fresh-frozen costal cartilage 2.1% (unrelated to graft) 282 cases, mean 20.3 months [37815290]
Revision rate, diced cartilage dorsum 5.3% 14 studies, 2,380 patients [34357798]
Reoperation, free diced cartilage 1.51% 6 studies, 4,044 patients [32886948]
Revision rate, mastoid fascia tip graft 3.1% (0.9% primary, 6.3% secondary) 193 patients, mean 14.8 months [39026388]
Revision rate, African American rhinoplasty with cadaveric grafts 8% with AI morphing vs 19% without 392 vs 392 patients [42153758]
Warping, autologous rib 3.05%; 3.08%; 5.2% Three pooled reviews [36071242]
Infection, autologous rib 1.45%; 0.56%; 2.5% Three pooled reviews [36071242]
Infection, fresh-frozen rib 2.1% (6/282); 2.4% (3/123) Two single-surgeon series [37815290]
Infection, functional rhinoplasty by graft source 4.6% overall, no difference (p=0.101) 259 patients [40147429]
Resorption, irradiated cadaver rib RR 4.595 vs autologous 7 studies, 1,184 patients [42681592]
Pneumothorax, rib harvest 0% to 0.1% Three pooled reviews [26229125]
Hypertrophic chest scar 2.08% to 5.45% Two pooled reviews [25429595]
Overall complications, diced cartilage dorsum 11.5% (infection 4.5%, irregularity 5.3%) 14 studies, 2,380 patients [34357798]
Auricular composite graft failure 6.3% (23/367 grafts) 234 rhinoplasties, 2002-2019 [36657035]
Complications, dual-plane diced rib cartilage 0 of 54 54 ethnic primaries, mean 17.3 months [40493956]
Projection loss at 1 year, septal extension vs columellar strut 0.2% vs 4.7% (P<0.0001) 77 primary open rhinoplasties [36728586]
Satisfaction, autologous fat injection 63% to 100% (about 81.2%) 11 studies, 849 patients [39751904]
Satisfaction, dual-plane diced cartilage 50 of 54 very satisfactory or outstanding Blinded surgeon rating at 1 year [40493956]
ROE, DPR with strip and spreader grafts 56.5 to 92.5; excellent in 90% 152 patients [40327831]
ROE, lateral crural strut graft 30.41 to 75.90 37 Asian secondary cases [40920505]
NOSE, combined septal extension-columellar strut 34.4 to 4.84 (p<0.001) 32 primaries [39187271]
SCHNOS-O and SCHNOS-C, alar ring composite grafts 88.44 to 35.44; 88.30 to 35.85 45 patients, 1 year [39676167]

What is still contested or missing

  • Rib revision rates range from 2.25% to 14.07% across meta-analyses; the earlier review cites few eligible studies and inconsistent complication definitions [25429595, 36071242]
  • Cadaveric rib literature conflates fresh-frozen and irradiated preparations; authors call homologous rib a selective alternative, not a default [42681592]
  • Spreader graft vs flap: no measured functional difference but satisfaction favored the graft [34864854]; NOSE pooling carries I2=99% [35031825]
  • Diced cartilage packing method (wrapped, glued, free) did not change irregularity or revision rates [34357798]
  • Cadaveric rib and revision: 12.1% vs 4.0% in one functional cohort (95% CI reported as 0.17-2.61) against equal revision rates in a 143-patient autologous vs irradiated comparison [40147429, 38502836]
  • Fresh-frozen rib series are single-surgeon with 11 to 20 months' mean follow-up; processing differs across 12 proprietary protocols so results may not transfer between tissue banks [37815290, 40674713, 42464436]
  • Auricular composite graft take is 93.7% in one senior surgeon's hands and 100% in a 45-patient antihelix series; NOSE change in the larger series was not significant [36657035, 39676167]
  • Triangular fossa harvest and auricular-only closed rhinoplasty lack long-term follow-up and patient-reported outcomes [41335126, 41411306]
  • AI-morphing comparison used sequential, not randomized, cohorts [42153758]

Papers used

  • Ozgenc I et al.. Comparative Outcomes of Septal Extension versus Columellar Strut Grafts for Nasal Tip Stabilization and Positioning in Rhinoplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Facial Plast Surg 2026. PMID 40854551. DOI 10.1055/a-2689-1496
  • Wael Moftah A et al.. Different Preparations of Cadaveric Costal Cartilage Compared to Autologous Rib Cartilage in Rhinoplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med 2026. PMID 42681592. DOI 10.1177/26893614261483359
  • Zeng H, Tang S. Autologous Fat Injection for Rhinoplasty: A Systematic Review of Satisfaction, Reinjection and Fat Retention. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2025. PMID 39751904. DOI 10.1007/s00266-024-04643-5
  • Xiang X et al.. The Treatment of Alar Base Depression in Rhinoplasty with Diced Autologous Cartilage or Mass Cartilage: A Systematic Review. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024. PMID 38609657. DOI 10.1007/s00266-024-04008-y
  • Chen H et al.. Complications Associated with Autologous Costal Cartilage Used in Rhinoplasty: An Updated Meta-Analysis. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2023. PMID 36071242. DOI 10.1007/s00266-022-03075-3
  • Keyhan SO et al.. Spreader Graft vs Spreader Flap in Rhinoplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Aesthetic and Functional Outcomes. Aesthet Surg J 2022. PMID 34864854. DOI 10.1093/asj/sjab409
  • Buba CM et al.. The Safety and Efficacy of Spreader Grafts and Autospreaders in Rhinoplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2022. PMID 35031825. DOI 10.1007/s00266-021-02735-0
  • Li J et al.. Long-Term Complications from Diced Cartilage in Rhinoplasty: A Meta-Analysis. Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med 2022. PMID 34357798. DOI 10.1089/fpsam.2021.0002
  • Cabbarzade C. Mucoperichondrial Spreader Flap Application for Middle Vault Reconstruction in Rhinoplasty: A Review of 857 Cases. Aesthet Surg J 2021. PMID 33492387. DOI 10.1093/asj/sjaa333 (title only)
  • Ledo TO et al.. Outcome of Free Diced Cartilage Grafts in Rhinoplasty: A Systematic Review. Facial Plast Surg 2021. PMID 32886948. DOI 10.1055/s-0040-1714664
  • Santareno S, Taş S. Concept of Anatomic Columellar Strut Grafting in Rhinoplasty: An Algorithmic Approach. Aesthet Surg J 2020. PMID 31675056. DOI 10.1093/asj/sjz272 (title only)
  • Cochran CS, Sieber DA. Extended Alar Contour Grafts: An Evolution of the Lateral Crural Strut Graft Technique in Rhinoplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg 2017. PMID 28953723. DOI 10.1097/PRS.0000000000003719
  • Apaydin F. Rebuilding the Middle Vault in Rhinoplasty: A New Classification of Spreader Flaps/Grafts. Facial Plast Surg 2016. PMID 28033640. DOI 10.1055/s-0036-1597144
  • Varadharajan K et al.. Complications Associated With the Use of Autologous Costal Cartilage in Rhinoplasty: A Systematic Review. Aesthet Surg J 2015. PMID 26229125. DOI 10.1093/asj/sju117
  • Wee JH et al.. Complications associated with autologous rib cartilage use in rhinoplasty: a meta-analysis. JAMA Facial Plast Surg 2015. PMID 25429595. DOI 10.1001/jamafacial.2014.914
  • Hanna SA et al.. Outcomes of the Use of Fresh-Frozen Costal Cartilage in Rhinoplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg 2024. PMID 37815290. DOI 10.1097/PRS.0000000000011125
  • Taylor CM, Barrera JE. Surgical and Patient-Reported Outcomes of Fresh Frozen Homologous Costal Cartilage in Primary, Revision, and Functional Rhinoplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg 2026. PMID 40674713. DOI 10.1097/PRS.0000000000012303
  • Upton MK et al.. Complications in Functional Rhinoplasty Related to Cartilage Graft Source. Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med 2025. PMID 40147429. DOI 10.1089/fpsam.2024.0277
  • Drake VE et al.. Outcomes of Autologous Versus Irradiated Homologous Costal Cartilage Graft in Rhinoplasty. Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med 2024. PMID 38502836. DOI 10.1089/fpsam.2023.0334
  • Vasudev M et al.. Costal Cartilage Allograft Processing and User Patterns in Rhinoplasty. Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med 2026. PMID 42464436. DOI 10.1177/26893614261470249
  • Novak M et al.. Role of Rib Graft for Tip Shaping in Primary Rhinoplasty: A Retrospective Case Series of 30 Patients. Plast Reconstr Surg 2024. PMID 37307054. DOI 10.1097/PRS.0000000000010844
  • Bellamy JL, Rohrich RJ. Superiority of the Septal Extension Graft over the Columellar Strut Graft in Primary Rhinoplasty: Improved Long-Term Tip Stability. Plast Reconstr Surg 2023. PMID 36728586. DOI 10.1097/PRS.0000000000010147
  • Rosi-Schumacher M, Sherris DA. Outcomes Following Rhinoplasty Using the Combined Septal Extension-Columellar Strut Graft. Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med 2024. PMID 39187271. DOI 10.1089/fpsam.2024.0132
  • Wang J et al.. A Modified Technique in Rhinoplasty: A Septal Extension Graft Complex Using Septal Cartilage, Ethmoid Bone, and Auricular Cartilage. Aesthet Surg J 2023. PMID 35786707. DOI 10.1093/asj/sjac185
  • Wu L et al.. X-shaped Tip Graft: A Versatile Solution for Warping Correction in Rib Cartilage-Based Rhinoplasty. Aesthet Surg J 2023. PMID 35748855. DOI 10.1093/asj/sjac170
  • Xu Y et al.. Analysis of the Cause of Cartilage Warping in the Rhinoplasty of Costal Cartilage and Application of Embed-In Graft in Revisional Surgery. Aesthet Surg J 2023. PMID 36656674. DOI 10.1093/asj/sjad011
  • Toriumi DM et al.. Auricular Composite Graft Survival in Rhinoplasty. Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med 2023. PMID 36657035. DOI 10.1089/fpsam.2022.0183
  • Sazgar AA et al.. Single-Stage Alar Nostril Ring Correction Using Auricular Composite Grafts in Reconstructive Rhinoplasty. Aesthet Surg J 2025. PMID 39676167. DOI 10.1093/asj/sjae240
  • Kim YC, Choi JW. Use of Auricular Composite Graft in Rib Cartilage-Based Rhinoplasty for Contracted Nose Correction. Plast Reconstr Surg 2025. PMID 38739901. DOI 10.1097/PRS.0000000000011535
  • Gu Q et al.. Asian Rhinoplasty Using Exclusively Auricular Cartilage Through a Closed Approach. Aesthet Surg J 2026. PMID 41411306. DOI 10.1093/asj/sjaf266
  • Huang CJ et al.. Triangular Fossa Cartilage Graft in Rhinoplasty: A Three-Dimensional Anatomical and Technical Feasibility Study. Plast Reconstr Surg 2025. PMID 41335126. DOI 10.1097/PRS.0000000000012647
  • Ok B, Duran A. The Dual-Plane Diced Cartilage Concept for Nasal Augmentation in Ethnic Rhinoplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg 2025. PMID 40493956. DOI 10.1097/PRS.0000000000012249
  • Tugertimur B et al.. Mastoid Fascia Tissue Graft as a Tip Camouflage Technique in Rhinoplasty: A Reliable Alternative to Soft Cartilage Grafts. Plast Reconstr Surg 2025. PMID 39026388. DOI 10.1097/PRS.0000000000011648
  • Jabbour N et al.. Dorsal Width and Functional Outcomes with use of Autospreader Flaps in Cosmetic Rhinoplasty. Aesthet Surg J 2026. PMID 42415377. DOI 10.1093/asj/sjag145
  • Öztürk G. The External Strip and Internal Spreader Graft Combined with Dorsal Preservation Rhinoplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg 2025. PMID 40327831. DOI 10.1097/PRS.0000000000012187
  • Zarei R et al.. Comparison of Functional and Cosmetic Outcomes Between Dorsal Preservation and Spreader Flap Rhinoplasty: A Randomized Trial. Aesthet Surg J 2024. PMID 38366551. DOI 10.1093/asj/sjae038
  • Kook WS et al.. Versatile Usability of Lateral Crural Strut Graft for Correction of Various Nasal Tip Deformities in Secondary Rhinoplasty in Asians. Plast Reconstr Surg 2026. PMID 40920505. DOI 10.1097/PRS.0000000000012423
  • Ueno K et al.. Primary Septal Cartilage Graft for Unilateral Cleft Rhinoplasty: 10-Year Follow-Up Results and the Effect on Septal Deviation. Plast Reconstr Surg 2026. PMID 41100821. DOI 10.1097/PRS.0000000000012525
  • Albert J et al.. "Ethnic Preferences in African American Rhinoplasty using Artificial Intelligence Morphing and Cadaveric Structural Cartilage Grafts". Plast Reconstr Surg 2026. PMID 42153758. DOI 10.1097/PRS.0000000000013198

Written by rhinoplasty.cc, 2026-09-08, from the PubMed abstracts; not medical advice.

Start here

The 39 papers the synthesis above was written from.

  1. FPS
    2026PMID 40854551Summary
  2. FPSAM
    2026PMID 42681592Summary
  3. APS
    2025PMID 39751904Summary
  4. APS
    2024PMID 38609657Summary
  5. APS
    2023PMID 36071242Summary
  6. ASJ
    2022PMID 34864854Summary
  7. APS
    2022PMID 35031825Summary
  8. FPSAM
    2022PMID 34357798Summary
  9. ASJ
    2021PMID 33492387
  10. FPS
    2021PMID 32886948Summary
  11. ASJ
    2020PMID 31675056
  12. PRS
    2017PMID 28953723Summary
  13. FPS
    2016PMID 28033640Summary
  14. ASJ
    2015PMID 26229125Summary
  15. JAMA FPS
    2015PMID 25429595Summary
  16. PRS
    2024PMID 37815290Summary
  17. PRS
    2026PMID 40674713Summary
  18. FPSAM
    2025PMID 40147429Summary
  19. FPSAM
    2024PMID 38502836Summary
  20. FPSAM
    2026PMID 42464436Summary
  21. PRS
    2024PMID 37307054Summary
  22. PRS
    2023PMID 36728586Summary
  23. FPSAM
    2024PMID 39187271Summary
  24. ASJ
    2023PMID 35786707Summary
  25. ASJ
    2023PMID 35748855Summary
  26. ASJ
    2023PMID 36656674Summary
  27. FPSAM
    Auricular Composite Graft Survival in Rhinoplasty
    Toriumi DM, Kao R, Vandenberg T et al.
    2023PMID 36657035Summary
  28. ASJ
    2025PMID 39676167Summary
  29. PRS
    2025PMID 38739901Summary
  30. ASJ
    2026PMID 41411306Summary
  31. PRS
    2025PMID 41335126Summary
  32. PRS
    2025PMID 40493956Summary
  33. PRS
    2025PMID 39026388Summary
  34. ASJ
    2026PMID 42415377Summary
  35. PRS
    2025PMID 40327831Summary
  36. ASJ
    2024PMID 38366551Summary
  37. PRS
    2026PMID 40920505Summary
  38. PRS
    2026PMID 41100821Summary
  39. PRS
    2026PMID 42153758Summary

Related topics

49

Nasal tip

49 of the 242 papers here also match this topic.

Open topic
43

Ethnic, Asian, Middle Eastern, African and Latino rhinoplasty

43 of the 242 papers here also match this topic.

Open topic
41

Septum, valve and airway

41 of the 242 papers here also match this topic.

Open topic
38

Cleft, trauma and reconstruction

38 of the 242 papers here also match this topic.

Open topic

Every paper, by year

242 papers. The 39 Start here papers are not repeated.

202629 papers · 9 above
  1. APS
    PMID 41857160Summary
  2. APS
    PMID 41813990Summary
  3. APS
    PMID 42329439Summary
  4. APS
    PMID 41225218
  5. APS
    PMID 42045684Summary
  6. APS
    PMID 41345307Summary
  7. APS
    PMID 41629470Summary
  8. APS
    PMID 42547599Summary
  9. APS
    PMID 40790386Summary
  10. FPS
    PMID 42580758Summary
  11. FPS
    PMID 41145129Summary
  12. FPS
    PMID 41265885Summary
  13. FPSAM
    PMID 42163429
  14. FPSAM
    PMID 40100947
  15. FPSAM
    PMID 40100960
  16. FPSAM
    PMID 42163431
  17. FPSAM
    PMID 42493871
  18. FPSAM
    PMID 42605008
  19. PRS
    PMID 42685067
  20. PRS-GO
    PMID 42376269Summary
202518 papers · 8 above
  1. APS
    PMID 40195133Summary
  2. APS
    PMID 37962627
  3. APS
    PMID 37831159
  4. APS
    PMID 39325086Summary
  5. APS
    PMID 39433615Summary
  6. FPS
    PMID 38547925Summary
  7. PRS
    PMID 41148158
  8. PRS
    PMID 39999232
  9. PRS-GO
    PMID 40765688Full text
  10. PRS-GO
    PMID 40212098Summary
202418 papers · 6 above
  1. APS
    PMID 37610518Full text
  2. APS
    Diced Cartilage Techniques in Rhinoplasty
    Pensato R, Al-Amer R, La Padula S
    PMID 37605030Full text
  3. APS
    PMID 38858246Summary
  4. APS
    PMID 38233685Summary
  5. APS
    PMID 37626136Summary
  6. APS
    PMID 37567945Summary
  7. FPSAM
    PMID 38502837Summary
  8. FPS Clin
    The Use of Costal Cartilage in Rhinoplasty
    Fedok FG, Lee Peng G, Tastan E et al.
    PMID 39341674Summary
  9. PRS-GO
    PMID 39036598Summary
  10. PRS-GO
    PMID 39444535Summary
  11. PRS-GO
    PMID 38957724Summary
  12. PRS-GO
    PMID 39703382Summary
202327 papers · 6 above
  1. ASJ
    PMID 36793242
  2. ASJ
    PMID 36004498
  3. ASJ
    PMID 37289986Summary
  4. ASJ
    PMID 37200406Summary
  5. APS
    PMID 35606536Summary
  6. APS
    PMID 37640816Summary
  7. APS
    PMID 35794245
  8. APS
    PMID 36510019
  9. APS
    PMID 36071240Summary
  10. APS
    PMID 36510020Full text
  11. APS
    PMID 36042025Summary
  12. APS
    PMID 36544049Summary
  13. FPS
    PMID 36696918Summary
  14. FPS
    PMID 36100245Summary
  15. FPS
    PMID 36100254Summary
  16. FPSAM
    PMID 36946885Summary
  17. PRS
    PMID 36877627Summary
  18. PRS
    PMID 36940157Summary
  19. PRS
    PMID 36730568Summary
  20. PRS
    PMID 36729933Summary
  21. PRS-GO
    PMID 37799442Summary
202223 papers · 3 above
  1. APS
    PMID 34595596Summary
  2. APS
    PMID 34731262Summary
  3. APS
    PMID 35412066
  4. APS
    PMID 34231023
  5. APS
    PMID 34254162
  6. APS
    PMID 35059814Summary
  7. APS
    The Use of Autologous and Cadaveric Grafts in Rhinoplasty: A Survey Study
    Starr NC, Zachary Porterfield J, Harryman C et al.
    PMID 35043249Summary
  8. FPSAM
    PMID 34494891Summary
  9. PRS
    PMID 35877941Summary
  10. PRS
    PMID 35511072Summary
  11. PRS
    PMID 35077410Summary
  12. PRS
    PMID 36041000Summary
  13. PRS
    PMID 35816080
  14. PRS
    PMID 35446798
  15. PRS
    PMID 34936638
  16. PRS
    PMID 35816083
  17. PRS
    PMID 35446823
  18. PRS
    PMID 34855703
  19. PRS-GO
    PMID 36148029Summary
  20. PRS-GO
    PMID 36148028Summary
202121 papers · 2 above
  1. ASJ
    PMID 31605604
  2. APS
    PMID 33432387Summary
  3. APS
    PMID 32322931Summary
  4. APS
    PMID 32914325Summary
  5. APS
    PMID 33432390Summary
  6. APS
    PMID 32926185
  7. APS
    PMID 33855581Full text
  8. APS
    PMID 33834294
  9. APS
    PMID 33758974Summary
  10. APS
    PMID 33683385Summary
  11. FPS
    PMID 33556970Summary
  12. FPSAM
    PMID 32522045Summary
  13. PRS
    PMID 34644278Summary
  14. PRS
    PMID 33764912
  15. PRS
    PMID 33370059Summary
  16. PRS
    PMID 33710070Summary
  17. PRS
    PMID 33620926Summary
  18. PRS
    PMID 34495909
  19. PRS-GO
    PMID 33868871Summary
202016 papers · 1 above
  1. ASJ
    PMID 31960891Summary
  2. ASJ
    PMID 31957807Summary
  3. ASJ
    PMID 32304572
  4. ASJ
    PMID 31886850
  5. ASJ
    PMID 30868159Summary
  6. APS
    PMID 32936331
  7. APS
    PMID 31834523Summary
  8. APS
    PMID 31897626
  9. FPS
    PMID 33368077Summary
  10. PRS
    PMID 32459773Summary
  11. PRS
    PMID 32097325Summary
  12. PRS
    PMID 32858658
  13. PRS
    PMID 33235006
  14. PRS-GO
    PMID 33154868Summary
  15. PRS-GO
    PMID 32983802Summary
20198 papers
  1. ASJ
    PMID 30380010Summary
  2. ASJ
    PMID 31329818Summary
  3. APS
    PMID 30868305Summary
  4. FPS
    PMID 30388718Summary
  5. FPS
    PMID 30759459Summary
  6. FPS
    PMID 31307095Summary
  7. FPS
    PMID 31639871Summary
  8. PRS-GO
    PMID 30859027Summary
201811 papers
  1. APS
    PMID 29124376Summary
  2. APS
    PMID 29380021
  3. APS
    PMID 29392358
  4. JAMA FPS
    PMID 28975239Summary
  5. JAMA FPS
    PMID 29931142
  6. JAMA FPS
    PMID 29931211
  7. PRS
    PMID 29608514
  8. PRS
    PMID 28953561
  9. PRS
    PMID 29608516
  10. PRS
    PMID 28938353
  11. PRS-GO
    PMID 29707440Summary
201718 papers · 1 above
  1. ASJ
    PMID 28364535
  2. ASJ
    PMID 28364534Summary
  3. APS
    PMID 28032151Summary
  4. APS
    PMID 28341947Summary
  5. FPS
    PMID 28753714
  6. FPS
    PMID 29195250Summary
  7. JAMA FPS
    PMID 28334327Summary
  8. JAMA FPS
    PMID 28334413
  9. JAMA FPS
    PMID 28837735
  10. JAMA FPS
    PMID 28837708
  11. PRS
    PMID 28841603
  12. PRS
    PMID 28445370
  13. PRS
    PMID 28574946Summary
  14. PRS
    PMID 29068924Summary
  15. PRS
    PMID 28820829
  16. PRS
    PMID 28098711Summary
  17. PRS
    PMID 28820828
201613 papers · 1 above
  1. ASJ
    PMID 27277274Summary
  2. ASJ
    PMID 27535924
  3. ASJ
    PMID 27095313Full text
  4. ASJ
    PMID 26764261Summary
  5. CPS
    PMID 26616708Summary
  6. CPS
    PMID 26616707Summary
  7. FPS
    PMID 26862961Summary
  8. JAMA FPS
    PMID 27197121
  9. JAMA FPS
    PMID 26868130Summary
  10. JAMA FPS
    PMID 26892673Summary
  11. PRS-GO
    PMID 27536492Summary
  12. PRS-GO
    PMID 27482502Summary
201512 papers · 2 above
  1. JAMA FPS
    PMID 25633160
  2. JAMA FPS
    PMID 25996279
  3. JAMA FPS
    PMID 25996277
  4. JAMA FPS
    PMID 26432958
  5. JAMA FPS
    PMID 25978561
  6. PRS
    PMID 26186345
  7. PRS
    PMID 26186343
  8. PRS
    PMID 25811564Summary
  9. PRS
    PMID 25724050
  10. PRS
    PMID 25724060Summary
20147 papers
  1. APS
    PMID 25028110
  2. APS
    PMID 24879039Summary
  3. APS
    PMID 24788856Summary
  4. APS
    PMID 25303879Summary
  5. JAMA FPS
    PMID 24435115
  6. JAMA FPS
    PMID 24435114
  7. PRS
    PMID 24776545Summary
20138 papers
  1. ASJ
    PMID 23855009Summary
  2. APS
    PMID 23708246Summary
  3. APS
    PMID 23519873Summary
  4. FPS
    Rhinoplasty using autologous costal cartilage
    Miranda N, Larocca CG, Aponte C
    PMID 23761122Summary
  5. FPS
    PMID 24327251Summary
  6. JAMA FPS
    PMID 23765037Summary
  7. JAMA FPS
    PMID 23450340Summary
  8. PRS
    PMID 23271538
20128 papers
  1. ASJ
    PMID 22942110Summary
  2. APS
    PMID 22890858Summary
  3. Arch FPS
    PMID 22801761Summary
  4. Arch FPS
    PMID 23165907
  5. PRS
    PMID 23190818
  6. PRS
    PMID 23018701Summary
  7. PRS
    PMID 22186526Summary
  8. PRS
    PMID 23190817Summary
20115 papers
  1. APS
    PMID 21487909Summary
  2. APS
    PMID 21638166
  3. Arch FPS
    PMID 21079106Summary
  4. Arch FPS
    PMID 21576664
  5. PRS
    PMID 21788803